Natural Language Processing (NLP) is a branch of AI focusing on computer-human language interaction. It involves tasks like tokenization, part-of-speech tagging, and named entity recognition to understand, interpret, and generate human language. NLP applications include chatbots, translation, sentiment analysis, and speech recognition. Techniques range from rule-based systems to advanced deep learning models like BERT. NLP plays a crucial role in diverse fields such as virtual assistants, information retrieval, and text summarization, continually advancing to enhance language comprehension and generation by machines.